FURTHER READING

For additional information on the Stanford Prison Experiment and the psychology of imprisonment, see the More Information page or click on a topic of interest below:

• Materials Used in the Study

• Stanford Prison Experiment (2015 Movie)

• The Lucifer Effect (2007 book)

• Selected Articles by Dr. Zimbardo

• Selected Media Interviews

• Selected Lectures and Presentations

• Criticisms of the Study

• Responses to Critics

• The BBC Prison Study

• More on the Stanford Prison Experiment

• Parallels with Prisoner Abuse in Iraq

• More on Prisoner Abuse in Iraq

• Information on Philip G. Zimbardo

• The Heroic Imagination Project

• Other Prison Research

• Mass Incarceration

• Capital Punishment

• U.S. Government Sites

• Prison-Related Organizations

• Prisoner Rights and Reform Efforts

• Other Prison-Related Sites

• Description of Study Given to Applicants (PDF file)

• Human Subjects Research Application (PDF file)

• Consent Form Signed by Participants (PDF file)

• Prisoner Rules Used in the Experiment (PDF file)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment: 40 Years Later (online exhibit)

• Guide to the Philip G. Zimbardo Papers (Stanford University Archives)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment (official site)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment: Featurette (3-minute video)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment (Wikipedia)

• Movie Wins Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize (Sundance)

• Film Reveals Why Good People Turn Bad (Huffington Post)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment (IMDb)

• Billy Crudup to Star in "Stanford Prison Experiment" (The Wrap)

• The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil (book)

• William James Book Award Reviews (The General Psychologist)

• Excerpt from The Lucifer Effect (Discover Magazine)

• The Evil That Men Do (American Scientist book review)

• Torture As Second Nature (London Observer book review)

• How Did It Come to This? (San Francisco Chronicle article)

• The Banality of Evil (Association for Psychological Science Observer)

• The Problem of Evil: Why Do "Good" People Do Bad Things? (Fox News)

• Bad Apples and Bad Barrels (Scientific American review; see pp. 34-36)

• 50 Years On: What We've Learned (Psychology Today, 2021, August 16)

• From the Bronx to Stanford to Abu Ghraib (chapter, 2008)

• The Banality of Heroism (Greater Good, Fall/Winter 2006-07)

• Revisiting the Experiment (Chronicle of Higher Education, March 30, 2007)

• Commentary on the "PENS Report" of the APA (July, 2006)

• The Psychology of Power and Evil (manuscript, June 2005)

• A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil (chapter, 2004)

• Reflections from Zimbardo, Maslach, and Haney (chapter, 2000)

• The Past and Future of U.S. Prison Policy (American Psychologist, 1998)

• Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison (IJCP, 1973)

• A Pirandellian Prison (New York Times Magazine, April 8, 1973)

• The Nature and Nurture of Good and Evil (The Michael Shermer Show, August 15, 2021)

• Philip Zimbardo Revisits the Stanford Prison Experiment (KQED, July 20, 2015)

• What Is the Ethical Impact of Prison? (MSNBC, July 18, 2015)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment (Charlie Rose, July 17, 2015)

• Philip Zimbardo Thinks We All Can Be Evil (New York Times, July 16, 2015)

• Creator of Stanford Prison Experiment Looks Back on It (HuffPost Live, July 14, 2015)

• Why Do Good People Do Bad Things? (NPR TED Radio Hour, March 28, 2013)

• "We Should Have Ended It Earlier" (BBC News video, August 17, 2011)

• "Prison of the Mind" (BBC World Service, August 17, 2011)

• Philip Zimbardo: Creating Millions of Heroes (Scientific American Blog, April 22, 2011)

• Interview on VPRO Backlight (Dutch Public Broadcasting System video, April, 2011)

• When Good People Do Bad Things (Dr. Phil TV Show, October 25, 2010)

• The Lucifer Effect: An Interview with Dr. Zimbardo (neuroNARRATIVE, Oct. 20, 2008)

• How Good People Turn Evil, from Stanford to Abu Ghraib (Wired, Feb. 28, 2008)

• Interview of Philip Zimbardo on The Colbert Report (February 11, 2008)

• Zimbardo Unbound (Stanford Magazine, May/June, 2007)

• Interview by Terry Gross on NPR's "Fresh Air" (May 1, 2007)

• Ten Questions with Dr. Philip Zimbardo (April 26, 2007)

• New York Times: A Conversation with Philip G. Zimbardo (April 3, 2007)

• New York Times Video Interview (April 3, 2007)

• Interview by Amy Goodman on Democracy Now (March 30, 2007)

• Interview on the Daily Show with Jon Stewart (March 29, 2007)

• A Talk with Philip Zimbardo in 'Edge" (January 19, 2005; video and transcript)

• Prison Psychology and the Stanford Prison Experiment (NPR, May 4, 2004)

• Philip Zimbardo and Kyle Alvarez Speaking at Google (July 27, 2015)

• The Secret Powers of Time: An Animated Video (May 24, 2010)

• Cato Institute Book Forum on the Lucifer Effect (June 12, 2008)

• How Ordinary People Become Monsters... or Heroes (TED talk, Feb. 29, 2008)

• Harvard Law School Colloquium on the Lucifer Effect (April 3, 2007)

• Big Crowd Attends Farewell Lecture of Philip Zimbardo (March 14, 2007)

• Professor Zimbardo Delivers Final Stanford Lecture (March 7, 2007)

• Acceptance Speech: Dagmar and Václav Havel Award (October 5, 2005)

• Acceptance Speech: CPA Lifetime Achievement Award (April 5, 2003)

• Transforming People into Perpetrators of Evil (memorial lecture, 1999)

• Congressional Testimony on the Need for Prison Reform (October 25, 1971)

• The Lifespan of a Lie (Ben Blum, June 7, 2018)

• Was the Stanford Prison Experiment a sham? (Ben Blum interviewed by Emily Olson, June 19, 2018)

• Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment (American Psychologist, Thibault Le Texier, 2019)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment was massively influential. We just learned it was a fraud. (Brian Resnick, June 13, 2018)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment is based on lies. Hear them for yourself. (Brian Resnick, June 14, 2018)

• Why everything you know about the Stanford Prison Experiment might be wrong (Derek Beres, June 17, 2018)

• One of Psychology's Most Famous Experiments Was Deeply Flawed (Laura Geggel, June 15, 2018)

• Time to Dismiss the Stanford Prison Experiment? (Greg Toppo, June 20, 2018)

• Statement by Professor Philip Zimbardo (June 23, 2018; PDF version)

• Statement by Professor Craig Haney (June 25, 2018)

• Statement by Film Director Ken Musen (July 22, 2018)

• Statement by Professor Christina Maslach (June 26, 2018)

• Statement by Professor Larry James (July 17, 2018)

• Statement by Professor Gordon Bower (July 4, 2018)

• Prisoner 8612's Emotional Breakdown (2018 YouTube video)

• Interview with SPE Prison Consultant Carlo Prescott (July 11, 2018; mp3 audio file)

• The BBC Prison Study (official website)

• BBC Halts "Prison Experiment" (The Guardian, January 24, 2002)

• Rethinking the nature of cruelty (American Psychologist, Alex Haslam, Stephen Reicher, Jay Van Bavel, 2019)

• Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study (Stephen Reicher and Alex Haslam, 2006)

• On rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study (Philip Zimbardo, 2006)

• Consensus Statement on the Stanford Prison Experiment and BBC Prison Study (August 27, 2018)

• 50th Anniversary Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment (August 14, 2021)

• The Stanford Prison Experiment (Inside Higher Ed, August 11, 2015)

• Shocking "Prison" Study 40 Years Later (CBS News slide show, September 27, 2011)

• Stanford Prison Experiment Continues to Shock (BBC News, Aug. 17, 2011)

• The Menace Within (Stanford Magazine, July/Aug., 2011)

• Stanford Prison Experiment: The Musical (2021 libretto marking 50th anniversary)

• Mind Changers: The Stanford Prison Experiment (BBC Radio, Nov. 28, 2007)

• Daryl Bem Reenacts the Experiment (Zimbardo retirement dinner, Nov. 1, 2003)

• The Human Behavior Experiments (Sundance Channel, June, 2006)

• SPE: Still Powerful After All These Years (Press Release, January 8, 1997)

• Thirty-Year Retrospective (Stanford Report, August 22, 2001)

• NPR Morning Edition Segment on "Das Experiment" (Sept. 18, 2002)

• Stanford Experiment Foretold Iraq Scandal (San Francisco Chronicle, May 8, 2004)

• Power Turns Good Soldiers into "Bad Apples" (Zimbardo editorial, May 9, 2004)

• The Fine Line Between "Normal" and "Monster" (New York Times, May 6, 2004)

• Researcher: It's Not Bad Apples, It's the Barrel (CNN, May 21, 2004)

• Zimbardo Helps Time Magazine Break Abu Ghraib Story (May 18, 2007)

• SPE Linked to Abu Ghraib by Investigators (August , 2004; see Appendix G)

• Investigation of the 800th Military Police Brigade (Army report, 2004)

• The Torture Question (PBS Frontline, October 18, 2005)

• Torture at Abu Ghraib (New Yorker, May 10, 2004)

• Abuse of Iraqi POWs by GIs Probed (60 Minutes II, April 29, 2004)

• Shock, Outrage Over Prison Photos (CNN, May 1, 2004)

• Home Page of Professor Philip Zimbardo

• Social Psychology Network Profile of Philip Zimbardo

• Web Site Honoring the Retirement of Philip Zimbardo

• Philip G. Zimbardo on His Career (History of Psychology)

• Zimbardo Honored by Havel Foundation (Radio Prague)

• Participate in Q&A with Philip Zimbardo (Stanford Open Office Hours)

• Heroic Imagination Project (main site)

• 8 Strategies for Confronting Hate (Yes! Magazine)

• Are Heroes Born, or Can They Be Made? (Wall Street Journal)

• 20% of Americans Have Done Heroic Deeds (USA Today)

• Dr. Zimbardo Speaking at TEDxYouth (YouTube clip)

• Zimbardo Begins Heroic Imagination Project (Stanford Daily)

• Federal Bureau of Prisons Library

• National Archive of Criminal Justice Data

• International Centre for Prison Studies

• Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons

• The Psychological Impact of Incarceration (PDF file)

• Incarceration in the U.S.: The Big Picture (Prison Policy Initiative)

• Mass Incarceration, Visualized (2-minute animated video from The Atlantic)

• The Black Family in the Era of Mass Incarceration (Ta-Nehisi Coates article)

• Mass Incarceration and Children’s Outcomes (Economic Policy Institute)

• How Mass Incarceration Undermines Democracy (Common Cause)

• Analyzing Mass Incarceration (Science editorial)

• Ending Mass Incarceration (Vera Institute of Justice)

• Death Penalty Focus

• Death Penalty Information Center

• Wikipedia Article on Capital Punishment

• Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide

• Death Penalty Reports from Amnesty International

• SPSSI Position Statement on the Death Penalty

• Federal Bureau of Prisons

• National Institute of Corrections

• Bureau of Justice Statistics

• USA.gov: Prisons and Prisoners

• Corrections Departments by State

• American Correctional Association

• American Jail Association

• Correctional Education Association

• International Corrections and Prisons Association

• National Criminal Justice Association

• The Fortune Society

• The Sentencing Project

• The Innocence Project

• Penal Reform International

• National Center on Institutions and Alternatives

• Human Rights Watch: The Treatment of Prisoners

• Amnesty International: No Justification for Torture

• Prison Legal News

• Prison Talk Online

• The Corrections Connection

• National Museum of Crime and Punishment

• PAU Forensic and Correctional Psychology Program